Superfatted soap



Patented May 2, 1 939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,157,022surnnra'r'rsn soAr No Drawing.- Application April 10, 1934, Serial N0.719,855. In Germany April 15, 1933 6 Claims.

The present invention has for an object to improve the manufacture ofsuper-fatted materials such as laundry and textile soap and toiletpreparations including toilet soap, shaving soap, shaving cream,pomades,skin creams, cosmetics, dis

infectants of certain types and the like.

Fatty and Wax esters have heretofore been added to materials of thistype for super-fatting purposes but they are subject to certain disad-10 vantages including the possibility of becoming rancid.

In accordance with the present invention it has been discovered thatcertain compounds of the ether type having at least one free hydroxylgroupare particularly eiiective as super-fatting agents when added tomaterials of the type under consideration. The super-fatting agents usedin accordance with the present invention are ethers formed byetherification of glycerins with allphatic, alicyclic or naphthenicalcohols having 6 or more carbon atoms in the molecule.

The ethers may be formed by reactions involving one or two of' thehydroxyl groups of the glycerin or polyglycerin. These ethers are ofoily or salve-like consistency, the higher molecular members being ofmore solid consistency, and can be worked with the soap to provide evendistribution throughout the same to form desired compositions. cause ofthe alcohol character, they readily absorb water and form stableemulsions. They have no irritating effect on the skin and are readilyabsorbed by it.-

Ethers of the type described especially those which are sufiicientlyliquid are good solvents for soap and useful in the production of soapsfor use in the textile industry and for laundry purposes.

Some of these ethers are particularly efiective {or the preparation ofemulsions of water and saponified fats, waxes, fatty acids, organicsolvents or the like.

The ethers useful for the purpose of the present invention include aconsiderable variety. They may be formed not only from true trihydricglycerin, but also from di-glycerin and polyglycerin. Broadly theinvention comprises sub stituting one or more of the replaceablehydrogen atoms in the glycerins with groups such as alkyl (especiallymethyl, ethyl. and propyl), alkoxy, halogen, carboxyl, etc.

As alcohol components the normal primary saturated or unsaturatedaliphatic alcohols having 6 to 30 carbon atoms in the moleculeobtainable from the natural fats and waxes as by high They do not becomerancid. Be-.

pressure hydrogenation are particularly suitable and have ,goodfattening properties. Those having 8 to 18 carbon atoms are preferredfor most uses; If the unsaturated alcohols'are used, the

octadecenyl and even those having 20 or even Zt'carbon atoms areeffective because oftheir more liquid'properties. The alicyclic andnaphthenic alcohols may also be used as alcohol components. Desirable.efiects can be obtained by the use of mixtures of different ethers aswill be well understood.

The proportion of ethers of the type indicated which are added to soaps,cosmetics and various other materials of the type indicated may varywithin wide limits. As little as a fraction of 1% is beneficial in somecompounds, especially if used.- with other fatting agents, and as muchas 40% may be added in others. Usually for superfatty soaps for laundryand textile use, the proportion of ether added may range between 2.5 and5 to provide the most satisfactory results.

Example 1.-A textile soap which is a good emulsifying agent for oils andfats and which possesses excellent washing and cleaning power isobtained if 100 kgs. of oleic acid is neutralized with 100 kgs. ofpotash lye (20%) and 25 kgs. of glycerin mono-octadecenyl ether arecombined therewith. I

Example 2.- kgs. of linseed oil is saponified with 24 kgs. of potash lyeand 35 kgs. of water and kgs. of glycerln-dioctyl ether are combinedtherewith. This product is soluble in water and possesses a highdissolving and emulsifying capacity for fats, oils, waxes, fatty acids,hydrocarbons and the like, so that it can be eifectively employed forchemical purification for home laundry and in the textile and leatherindustries.

Example 3.--A super-fatted cake soap may contain 4 to 5% of themono-ether prepared from glycerin and cocoanut or palm kernel alcohols.This ether which has a saponification number of 307 and a waxyconsistency is added to the boiled soap while in a liquid condition.After the soap and the ether are combined the soap maybe formed intocakes in the usual way.

Example 4.A cleaning agent for removing spots which cleaning agent canbe readily washed out is obtained by combining '75 kgs. of glycerinmono-octyl ether (boiling point at 2-3 mm. of mercury to C.) arecombined with 300 kgs. of Turkey red oil or with ammonia or organic basesulfates or sulfonates of oleyl alcohol. The Turkey red oil or sulfatesor sulfonates may have a 38% fat content. The mixture may be dilutedwith 100 to 300 kgs. of water, if desired. Instead of the glycerin octylether, glycerin naphthenic ether obtained by etherification of glycerinwith naphthenic alcohols (boiling point at mm, of mercury 90 to 125 0.).

Example 5.An excellent cream which can be perfumed and colored asdesired is obtained by mixing a neutral olive oil potash soap with 15 toof glycerin mono-cetyl ether.

Example 6.Face cream containing glycerin 100 parts; potassium stearate 2parts; polyglycerol naphthenyl ether parts.

Example 7.Soap powder containing soap 27' parts; soda 12 parts;waterglass 1.5 parts; cyclohexyl diglycerin ether acetate 1.5 parts.

Example 8.Skin cream containing olive potash soap 80 parts; perfume 1.5parts, dimyristin ether of diglycerol 18 parts.

The foregoing description of particular embodiments is illustrativemerely and is not intended as defining the limits of the invention. Itwill be understood that the high molecular alcohols used in theformation of the ether not only may be saturated or unsaturated but maybe substituted by hydroxyl, sulfonic, or like groups provided the fattycharacter is retained and no deleterious group is introduced.

For further disclosure of the features and advantages of this inventionreference should be made to applicants copending application filed ofeven date herewith (now Patent No. 2,091,162).

I claim:

1. A soap composition comprising a watersoluble soap and 1 to of asuper-fatting: agent consisting of an ether of the group con-' sistingof the ethers of glycerin and polyglycerin with alcohols of the groupconsisting of the primary saturated and unsaturated aliphatic, thealicyclic and the naphthenic alcohols having at least 8 carbon atoms inthe molecule.

2. A toilet soap having incorporated therein a super-fatting agentconsisting of an ether of glycerin and alcohol of the kind obtained fromthe natural fats and waxes and having at least 8 carbon atoms in themolecule.

3. A water-soluble soap having incorporated therein a super-fatting'agent consisting of propionate of polyglycerin cyclohexyl ether.

4. A water-soluble soap having incorporated therein a super-fattingagent consisting of dicetyl polyglycerin ether.

5. A soap consisting of as its principal ingredients a water-solublesoap together with as a super-fatting agent 1 to 40% of an ether ofglycerine and an alcohol of the kind obtained from natural fats andwaxes and having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the molecule.

6. A soap consisting of as its principal in- WALTHER SCI-IRAUTH.

